CVE watch Past 48 hours+

Latest 48 of 1022 in cacheBrowse CVEs
NVD checked Nov 8, 06:27 UTCSource: NVD · Refreshed every 2 hours · Publication may lag

Kythos AI vulnerability intelligence

Zero-Day Exploits / Vulnerabilities

A server-rendered, source-attributed view of confirmed CISA KEV entries and all NVD CVEs published in the rolling 48-hour UTC window.

Important distinction: CISA KEV means exploitation has been observed; it does not mean every entry was a zero-day. An NVD publication in the past 48 hours does not mean exploitation has occurred. Source records describe third-party products and do not identify Kythos AI customers, contracts, affiliations, or work history.

Confirmed exploitation intelligence

Zero-Day Exploits / Vulnerabilities

Complete CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, ordered by the date CISA added each entry. Every result is known to be exploited; entries are not necessarily zero-days.

Current snapshot

Entries 361–384 of 1,769

CISA KEV

CVE-2023-50224: TP-Link TL-WR841N Authentication Bypass by Spoofing Vulnerability

TP-Link · TL-WR841N

TP-Link TL-WR841N contains an authentication bypass by spoofing vulnerability within the httpd service, which listens on TCP port 80 by default, leading to the disclose of stored credentials. The impacted products could be end-of-life (EoL) and/or end-of-service (EoS). Users should discontinue product…

Federal remediation due Sep 24, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-55177: Meta Platforms WhatsApp Incorrect Authorization Vulnerability

Meta Platforms · WhatsApp

Meta Platforms WhatsApp contains an incorrect authorization vulnerability due to an incomplete authorization of linked device synchronization messages. This vulnerability could allow an unrelated user to trigger processing of content from an arbitrary URL on a target’s device.

Federal remediation due Sep 23, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2020-24363: TP-link TL-WA855RE Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

TP-Link · TL-WA855RE

TP-link TL-WA855RE contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker (on the same network) to submit a TDDP_RESET POST request for a factory reset and reboot. The attacker can then obtain incorrect access control by…

Federal remediation due Sep 23, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-57819: Sangoma FreePBX Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

Sangoma · FreePBX

Sangoma FreePBX contains an authentication bypass vulnerability due to insufficiently sanitized user-supplied data allows unauthenticated access to FreePBX Administrator leading to arbitrary database manipulation and remote code execution.

Federal remediation due Sep 19, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-7775: Citrix NetScaler Memory Overflow Vulnerability

Citrix · NetScaler

Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway contain a memory overflow vulnerability that could allow for remote code execution and/or denial of service.

Federal remediation due Aug 28, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-48384: Git Link Following Vulnerability

Git · Git

Git contains a link following vulnerability that stems from Git’s inconsistent handling of carriage return characters in configuration files.

Federal remediation due Sep 15, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2024-8069: Citrix Session Recording Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Citrix · Session Recording

Citrix Session Recording contains a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability that allows limited remote code execution with privilege of a NetworkService Account access. Attacker must be an authenticated user on the same intranet as the session recording server.

Federal remediation due Sep 15, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2024-8068: Citrix Session Recording Improper Privilege Management Vulnerability

Citrix · Session Recording

Citrix Session Recording contains an improper privilege management vulnerability that could allow for privilege escalation to NetworkService Account access. An attacker must be an authenticated user in the same Windows Active Directory domain as the session recording server domain.

Federal remediation due Sep 15, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-43300: Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

Apple · iOS, iPadOS, and macOS

Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the Image I/O framework.

Federal remediation due Sep 11, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-54948: Trend Micro Apex One OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Trend Micro · Apex One

Trend Micro Apex One Management Console (on-premise) contains an OS command injection vulnerability that could allow a pre-authenticated remote attacker to upload malicious code and execute commands on affected installations.

Federal remediation due Sep 8, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-8876: N-able N-Central Command Injection Vulnerability

N-able · N-Central

N-able N-Central contains a command injection vulnerability via improper sanitization of user input.

Federal remediation due Aug 20, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-8875: N-able N-Central Insecure Deserialization Vulnerability

N-able · N-Central

N-able N-Central contains an insecure deserialization vulnerability that could lead to command execution.

Federal remediation due Aug 20, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-8088: RARLAB WinRAR Path Traversal Vulnerability

RARLAB · WinRAR

RARLAB WinRAR contains a path traversal vulnerability affecting the Windows version of WinRAR. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code by crafting malicious archive files.

Federal remediation due Sep 2, 2025Ransomware use: Known

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2013-3893: Microsoft Internet Explorer Resource Management Errors Vulnerability

Microsoft · Internet Explorer

Microsoft Internet Explorer contains a memory corruption vulnerability that allows for remote code execution. The impacted products could be end-of-life (EoL) and/or end-of-service (EoS). Users should discontinue product utilization.

Federal remediation due Sep 2, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2007-0671: Microsoft Office Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft · Office

Microsoft Office Excel contains a remote code execution vulnerability that can be exploited when a specially crafted Excel file is opened. This malicious file could be delivered as an email attachment or hosted on a malicious website. An attacker could leverage this…

Federal remediation due Sep 2, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2022-40799: D-Link DNR-322L Download of Code Without Integrity Check Vulnerability

D-Link · DNR-322L

D-Link DNR-322L contains a download of code without integrity check vulnerability that could allow an authenticated attacker to execute OS level commands on the device. The impacted products could be end-of-life (EoL) and/or end-of-service (EoS). Users should discontinue product utilization.

Federal remediation due Aug 26, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2020-25079: D-Link DCS-2530L and DCS-2670L Command Injection Vulnerability

D-Link · DCS-2530L and DCS-2670L Devices

D-Link DCS-2530L and DCS-2670L devices contains a command injection vulnerability in the cgi-bin/ddns_enc.cgi. The impacted products could be end-of-life (EoL) and/or end-of-service (EoS). Users should discontinue product utilization.

Federal remediation due Aug 26, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2020-25078: D-Link DCS-2530L and DCS-2670L Devices Unspecified Vulnerability

D-Link · DCS-2530L and DCS-2670L Devices

D-Link DCS-2530L and DCS-2670L devices contains an unspecified vulnerability that could allow for remote administrator password disclosure. The impacted products could be end-of-life (EoL) and/or end-of-service (EoS). Users should discontinue product utilization.

Federal remediation due Aug 26, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-20337: Cisco Identity Services Engine Injection Vulnerability

Cisco · Identity Services Engine

Cisco Identity Services Engine contains an injection vulnerability in a specific API of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input allowing an attacker to exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted API request. Successful exploitation could allow…

Federal remediation due Aug 18, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-20281: Cisco Identity Services Engine Injection Vulnerability

Cisco · Identity Services Engine

Cisco Identity Services Engine contains an injection vulnerability in a specific API of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input allowing an attacker to exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted API request. Successful exploitation could allow…

Federal remediation due Aug 18, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2023-2533: PaperCut NG/MF Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Vulnerability

PaperCut · NG/MF

PaperCut NG/MF contains a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability, which, under specific conditions, could potentially enable an attacker to alter security settings or execute arbitrary code.

Federal remediation due Aug 18, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-6558: Google Chromium ANGLE and GPU Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

Google · Chromium

Google Chromium contains an improper input validation vulnerability in ANGLE and GPU. This vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. This vulnerability could affect multiple web browsers that utilize Chromium, including, but…

Federal remediation due Aug 12, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-54309: CrushFTP Unprotected Alternate Channel Vulnerability

CrushFTP · CrushFTP

CrushFTP contains an unprotected alternate channel vulnerability. When the DMZ proxy feature is not used, mishandles AS2 validation and consequently allows remote attackers to obtain admin access via HTTPS.

Federal remediation due Aug 12, 2025Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

CISA KEV

CVE-2025-49706: Microsoft SharePoint Improper Authentication Vulnerability

Microsoft · SharePoint

Microsoft SharePoint contains an improper authentication vulnerability that allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network. Successfully exploitation could allow an attacker to view sensitive information and make some changes to disclosed information. This vulnerability could be chained with CVE-2025-49704.…

Federal remediation due Jul 23, 2025Ransomware use: Known

Required action: Disconnect public-facing versions of SharePoint Server that have reached their end-of-life (EOL) or end-of-service (EOS) to include SharePoint Server 2013 and earlier versions. For supported versions, please follow the mitigations according to CISA (URL listed…

Source: Official CISA KEV JSONCatalog released Nov 6, 2026, 7:44 PM GMT+0000Site snapshot: Showing 24 of 1,769Source text normalized: network addresses and restricted context omittedRefresh interval: 30 minutes

Complete fixed-window snapshot

CVEs — Past 48 Hours

All unique CVEs returned by NVD for the displayed UTC publication window. The snapshot is accepted only when its normalized unique-item count exactly equals the API totalResults value.

Current snapshot

Entries 841–864 of 1,041

NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123664

A security flaw has been discovered in nasa-gcn gcn.nasa.gov up to b299b562af665878964b981a459f0a9c04b11adf. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /user/email of the component Email Notification Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument Recipient results in improper authorization. The attack is possible to be carried…

CVSS 2.1 LOWStatus: DeferredCWE-266CWE-285
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123624

ChatWiki before 2.10.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows authenticated users to modify other tenants' fast commands by supplying arbitrary sequential ids to POST /manage/saveFastCommand. Attackers can overwrite another tenant's command title, type, content and robot binding, redirecting webpage-jump commands to attacker URLs…

CVSS 5.3 MEDIUMStatus: DeferredCWE-639
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123622

Usermin through 2.570 contains a cross-site scripting vulnerability in mailbox/detach.cgi that allows remote attackers to execute script by supplying an arbitrary type parameter that bypasses JavaScript filtering. Attackers can email an HTML attachment containing script and lure recipients to a detach.cgi link with type=text/html to run…

CVSS 5.1 MEDIUMStatus: ReceivedCWE-79
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123621

Usermin through 2.570 contains a path traversal vulnerability in mailbox/detachall.cgi that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to write files outside the temporary directory via unsanitized attachment filenames. Attackers can email attachments with ../ sequences in filenames, and when the recipient downloads all attachments, files like ~/.forward are…

CVSS 8.6 HIGHStatus: ReceivedCWE-22
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123620

Usermin through 2.570 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the Read Mail module that allows authenticated users to execute commands through unsanitized IMAP folder names. Attackers can create a folder containing shell metacharacters via an external IMAP client, then delete it in Usermin to run…

CVSS 7.7 HIGHStatus: ReceivedCWE-78
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123619

Lektor through 3.3.14 and 3.4.0b15 contains an absolute path traversal vulnerability in the admin API on Windows that allows attackers to escape the project directory by supplying drive-letter paths that cleanup_path does not normalise. Attackers can use a malicious web page with cross-site requests or DNS…

CVSS 5.9 MEDIUMStatus: ReceivedCWE-36
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123618

ABP Framework before 10.7.1 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that skips account state and two-factor checks when password login succeeds through a registered IExternalLoginProvider. Attackers holding the external directory password for deactivated, locked, or 2FA-protected accounts can obtain valid access tokens from the /connect/token password grant.

CVSS 7.6 HIGHStatus: ReceivedCWE-288
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123617

Openwhyd before 1.65.1 contains a NoSQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate user lookups by passing JSON objects in the id parameter. Attackers can send MongoDB query operators such as $ne or $gt to POST /api/user to select and enumerate other users' public profile…

CVSS 6.9 MEDIUMStatus: ReceivedCWE-943
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123492

SiYuan before 3.8.9 contains a nil pointer dereference vulnerability in privateCacheMiddleware that allows authenticated attackers to crash the kernel by reading nonexistent MCP resources. Attackers with a valid API token can send a resources/read request in an initialized MCP session, causing a panic that terminates the…

CVSS 6.9 MEDIUMStatus: DeferredCWE-476
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123491

Craft CMS 4.0.0 before 4.18.9 and 5.0.0 before 5.11.2 contains an SQL injection vulnerability in GraphQL eager-loading: arguments on eager-loadable nodes absent from the public schema are copied into EagerLoadPlan criteria without cleansing. Unauthenticated attackers can supply a parenthesized select argument to inject SQL expressions and…

CVSS 8.8 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-89
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123490

Craft CMS from 5.8.17 before 5.11.2 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability because getOwners() applies caller criteria without cleansing the query configuration. Authenticated control panel users can invoke attacker-selected static PHP callables via crafted criteria to promote every account to administrator.

CVSS 8.7 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-915
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123489

Craft CMS 4.0.0 before 4.18.9 and 5.0.0 before 5.11.2 contains a blind SQL injection vulnerability because the sandbox-exposed getNext() and getPrev() methods pass arbitrary criteria arrays to Craft[network address omitted]onfigure() without removing SQL-bearing properties such as orderBy and where. Authenticated control panel users can supply a…

CVSS 7.1 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-89
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123488

Craft CMS 4.0.0 before 4.18.9 and 5.0.0 before 5.11.2 contains an unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in the element search endpoint because the attribute parameter is concatenated into the query unsanitized and emulated PDO prepares allow stacked statements. Remote attackers can read and write the database, setting…

CVSS 9.3 CRITICALStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-89
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123487

Parse Server before 8.6.115 and 9.0.0 before 9.10.7-alpha.1 validates user email address format with a regular expression whose run time grows quadratically with input length and that is applied without a length limit. An unauthenticated attacker who knows the application ID can send a sign-up request,…

CVSS 8.7 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-1333
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123486

WWBN AVideo 29.0 through 29.4.0 contains a race condition vulnerability in plugin/PayPalYPT/ipn.php that allows attackers to bypass IPN replay protection due to a non-atomic deduplication check and insert. Attackers can concurrently replay a captured valid recurring-payment notification so both requests pass isRecurringPaymentIdUsed(), obtaining duplicate wallet credits…

CVSS 6.0 MEDIUMStatus: DeferredCWE-367
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123485

Ground Station from 0.6.0 before 0.8.20 does not restrict the get-orbital-sources Socket.IO handler (also exposed as get-tle-sources) to administrators, although the orbital-source write handlers are admin-only. An authenticated operator-role user can call either handler to retrieve the plaintext usernames, passwords, and tokens that administrators stored for…

CVSS 7.1 HIGHStatus: ReceivedCWE-862
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123339

Improper trust of forwarded headers in RouterListener[network address omitted]onKernelFinishRequest() in Symfony HttpKernel versions prior to 5.4.56, 6.x prior to 6.4.50, 7.x prior to 7.4.23, and 8.x prior to 8.1.11 allows a remote attacker to control the host, scheme, and port of absolute URLs generated for the…

CVSS 2.3 LOWStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-348
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-119170

There was a regression in how FIPS algorithms were enforced for the hashlib module. Only users that are using OpenSSL in FIPS mode are affected. Only Python 3.14.10 is affected, all other Python versions are unaffected.

CVSS 8.2 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-693
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-118514

In Symfony http-foundation prior to versions 5.4.56, 6.4.50, 7.4.23, and 8.1.11, Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RequestMatcher, and RequestMatcher\MethodRequestMatcher which replaces it from 6.2.x on, matches a request against a list of HTTP methods. These compared the request method to the list verbatim, while the router serves a HEAD request with…

CVSS 6.3 MEDIUMStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-863
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-113618

The ZSIRep client library (ZSIREP.CLIENT.DLL) is vulnerable to improper server certificate validation. It registers a process-wide .NET callback that accepts any certificate for HTTPS connections without verification. This allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to impersonate the ZSIRep server and intercept or modify authentication data and documents. The…

CVSS 5.3 MEDIUMStatus: ReceivedCWE-295
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-112341

Wazuh versions from 4.0.0 before 4.14.9 contain a sql injection vulnerability in WazuhDBBackend._substitute_params due to sequential regex placeholder cross-contamination. Authenticated users with agent:read on one agent can inject UNION SELECT via the q and search parameters to extract every agent's internal_key through a blind boolean oracle…

CVSS 7.1 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-89
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-112340

Wazuh dashboard plugins from 4.9.0 before 4.14.9 contain an authorization bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated dashboard users to override the Manager API Authorization header via the /api/request proxy endpoint. Attackers can supply nested body.headers.Authorization values that replace the server-side session Bearer token, letting them act as…

CVSS 8.8 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-863
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-112339

Wazuh from 3.9.0 before 4.14.9 contains a missing TLS hostname verification vulnerability in the fluent-forward module's wm_fluent_ssl_ctx() that allows network attackers to impersonate the Fluentd collector by presenting any certificate chaining to the configured ca_file. Attackers who redirect the connection via DNS, ARP, or on-path positions…

CVSS 8.2 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-297
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-112338

Wazuh from 4.3.0 before 4.14.9 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the GitHub module (wm_github.c) that trusts unvalidated Link rel="next" pagination URLs. Attackers controlling the next-page URL can make the manager send requests with the GitHub API token to attacker hosts, exposing organization repositories and…

CVSS 8.2 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-918
Source: Official NVD CVE API 2.0UTC window Nov 6, 2026 06:27–Nov 8, 2026 06:27API response: Site snapshot: Showing 24 of 1,041Source text normalized: network addresses and restricted context omittedRefresh interval: 2 hours