CVE watch Past 48 hours+

Latest 48 of 1034 in cacheBrowse CVEs
NVD checked Nov 8, 04:27 UTCSource: NVD · Refreshed every 2 hours · Publication may lag

Kythos AI vulnerability intelligence

Zero-Day Exploits / Vulnerabilities

A server-rendered, source-attributed view of confirmed CISA KEV entries and all NVD CVEs published in the rolling 48-hour UTC window.

Important distinction: CISA KEV means exploitation has been observed; it does not mean every entry was a zero-day. An NVD publication in the past 48 hours does not mean exploitation has occurred. Source records describe third-party products and do not identify Kythos AI customers, contracts, affiliations, or work history.

Confirmed exploitation intelligence

Zero-Day Exploits / Vulnerabilities

Complete CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, ordered by the date CISA added each entry. Every result is known to be exploited; entries are not necessarily zero-days.

Current snapshot

Entries 121–144 of 1,769

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-0770: Langflow Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Vulnerability

Langflow · Langflow

Langflow contains an inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations.

Federal remediation due Jul 24, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2021-27137: DD-WRT Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

DD-WRT · DD-WRT

DD-WRT contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to overflow an internal buffer used by UPnP and trigger a code execution vulnerability.

Federal remediation due Jul 24, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-58644: Microsoft SharePoint Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Microsoft · SharePoint

Microsoft SharePoint contains a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability that allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Federal remediation due Jul 19, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-39808: Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Fortinet · FortiSandbox

Fortinet FortiSandbox contains an OS command injection vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted HTTP requests.

Federal remediation due Jul 19, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-25089: Fortinet FortiSandbox OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Fortinet · FortiSandbox

Fortinet FortiSandbox, FortiSandbox Cloud, and FortiSandbox PaaS contain an OS command injection vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests.

Federal remediation due Jul 19, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-46817: Oracle E-Business Suite Improper Privilege Management Vulnerability

Oracle · E-Business Suite

Oracle E-Business Suite contains an improper privilege management vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Payments. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Payments.

Federal remediation due Jul 18, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2023-4346: KNX Association KNX Protocol Connection Authorization Option 1 Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism Vulnerability

KNX Association · KNX Protocol Connection Authorization Option 1

KNX Association KNX Protocol Connection Authorization Option 1 contains an overly restrictive account lockout mechanism vulnerability that could allow an attacker to purge all devices without additional security options enabled and set a BCU key to lock the device.

Federal remediation due Jul 29, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-56164: Microsoft SharePoint Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

Microsoft · SharePoint Server

Microsoft SharePoint contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability that allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Federal remediation due Jul 17, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-56155: Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services Insufficient Granularity of Access Control Vulnerability

Microsoft · Active Directory Federation Services

Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services contains an insufficient granularity of access control vulnerability that allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Federal remediation due Jul 28, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-15410: SonicWall SMA1000 Appliances Code Injection Vulnerability

SonicWall · SMA1000 Appliances

SonicWall SMA1000 Appliances contain a code injection vulnerability which in specific conditions could potentially enable a remote authenticated attacker as administrator to execute arbitrary OS commands.

Federal remediation due Jul 17, 2026Ransomware use: Known

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-15409: SonicWall SMA1000 Appliances Server-Side Request Forgery Vulnerability

SonicWall · SMA1000 Appliances

SonicWall SMA1000 Appliances contain a server-side request forgery vulnerability that could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to potentially cause the appliance to make requests to unintended location.

Federal remediation due Jul 17, 2026Ransomware use: Known

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2008-4128: Cisco IOS Cross-Site Request Forgery Vulnerability

Cisco · IOS

Cisco IOS 12.4 contains multiple cross-site forgery vulnerabilities that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via (1) a certain "show privilege" command to the /level/15/exec/- URI, and (2) a certain "alias exec" command to the /level/15/exec/-/configure/http URI.

Federal remediation due Jul 16, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-56291: Balbooa Forms Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability

Balbooa · Forms

Balbooa Forms contains an unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload which could allow uploading of executable files leading to full RCE.

Federal remediation due Jul 13, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-48939: iCagenda Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability

iCagenda · iCagenda

iCagenda contains an unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability that allows the upload of arbitrary files in the file attachment feature, ultimately resulting in PHP code upload and execution.

Federal remediation due Jul 13, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-56290: Joomlack Page Builder Improper Access Control Vulnerability

Joomlack · Page Builder

Joomlack Page Builder contains an improper access control vulnerability that could allow for remote code execution via unauthenticated arbitrary file upload.

Federal remediation due Jul 10, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-55255: Langflow Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key Vulnerability

Langflow · Langflow

Langflow contains an authorization bypass through user-controlled key vulnerability which allows an authenticated attacker to execute any flow belonging to another user by specifying the victim's flow ID in the request.

Federal remediation due Jul 10, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-48908: JoomShaper SP Page Builder Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability

JoomShaper · SP Page Builder

JoomShaper SP Page Builder contains an unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability that allows unauthenticated users to upload arbitrary files, ultimately resulting in the upload and execution of PHP code.

Federal remediation due Jul 10, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-48282: Adobe ColdFusion Path Traversal Vulnerability

Adobe · ColdFusion

Adobe ColdFusion contains a path traversal vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

Federal remediation due Jul 10, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-45659: Microsoft SharePoint Server Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Microsoft · SharePoint Server

Microsoft SharePoint Server contains a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability which allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Federal remediation due Jul 4, 2026Ransomware use: Known

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-48558: SimpleHelp Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

SimpleHelp · SimpleHelp

SimpleHelp contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the OIDC authentication flow. When OIDC authentication is configured, identity tokens submitted during login are accepted without verifying their cryptographic signature. In a vulnerable configuration, a remote, unauthenticated attacker can submit a forged token containing…

Federal remediation due Jul 2, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-20230: Cisco Unified Communications Manager Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability

Cisco · Unified Communications Manager

Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM) and Cisco Unified Communications Manager Session Management Edition (Unified CM SME) contain a server-side request forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to write files to the underlying operating system that could be…

Federal remediation due Jun 28, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-12569: PTC Windchill and FlexPLM Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

PTC · Windchill and FlexPLM

PTC Windchill and FlexPLM contains an improper input validation vulnerability allowing an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code by sending a malicious request to the network.

Federal remediation due Jun 28, 2026Ransomware use: Known

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-34910: Ubiquiti UniFi OS Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

Ubiquiti · UniFi OS

Ubiquiti UniFi OS contains an improper input validation vulnerability which could allow a malicious actor with access to the network to conduct command injection.

Federal remediation due Jun 26, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

CISA KEV

CVE-2026-34909: Ubiquiti UniFi OS Path Traversal Vulnerability

Ubiquiti · UniFi OS

Ubiquiti UniFi OS contains a path traversal vulnerability which could allow a malicious actor with access to the network to access files on the underlying system that could be manipulated to access an underlying account.

Federal remediation due Jun 26, 2026Ransomware use: Not confirmed by CISA

Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable…

Source: Official CISA KEV JSONCatalog released Nov 6, 2026, 7:44 PM GMT+0000Site snapshot: Showing 24 of 1,769Source text normalized: network addresses and restricted context omittedRefresh interval: 30 minutes

Complete fixed-window snapshot

CVEs — Past 48 Hours

All unique CVEs returned by NVD for the displayed UTC publication window. The snapshot is accepted only when its normalized unique-item count exactly equals the API totalResults value.

Current snapshot

Entries 889–912 of 1,057

NVD CVE

CVE-2026-114630

The ELEX WordPress HelpDesk & Customer Ticketing System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the factory_reset function in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.8 This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary files…

CVSS 9.1 CRITICALStatus: DeferredCWE-22
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-107658

The BuddyForms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'bf_post_type (and buddyforms_form_content)' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 2.10.5 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts in…

CVSS 5.4 MEDIUMStatus: DeferredCWE-79
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-107622

The BuddyForms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation in all versions up to, and including, 2.10.5 via a form-type confusion attack through the `bf_post_type` parameter. This is due to the public frontend submission handler `buddyforms_form_response_no_ajax()` authorizing logged-out submissions based solely on the target form's…

CVSS 9.8 CRITICALStatus: DeferredCWE-269
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-104010

The WPSyncSheets For Contact Form 7 – CF7 Google Sheets Connector & Save to Database plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.8.0 via the 'any non-system CF7 field (e.g., your-message)' parameter parameter. This is due to…

CVSS 7.5 HIGHStatus: DeferredCWE-502
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-103908

The The AMP for WP – Accelerated Mobile Pages plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.18. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before…

CVSS 5.4 MEDIUMStatus: DeferredCWE-94
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-103479

The Pubjet | پاب‌جت plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation in all versions up to, and including, 5.4.8. This is due to the `checkToken()` AJAX handler — registered under `wp_ajax_pubjet-check-token` — performing no capability check and no nonce verification before unconditionally writing the attacker-supplied…

CVSS 7.6 HIGHStatus: DeferredCWE-269
NVD CVE

CVE-2025-66621

Apache James SASL OAuthBearer/XOAUTH2 prior versions 3.9.1 fails to validate correctly AUD claim of JWT payloads when introspection is not configured. This allows an attacker with valid credentials to access the mail server even if they are not authorized to do so. We recommend users to…

CVSS not yet assignedStatus: DeferredCWE-345
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-84164

The HTML report that plist-to-html, CodeChecker parse –export html and CodeChecker cmd diff –output html generate puts the report message, the checker name and the source file path into a script block through json.dumps. json.dumps does not escape the less-than character, so a closing script tag…

CVSS 0.0 NONEStatus: ReceivedCWE-79
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-84161

When an operator enables store.analysis_statistics_dir, a network client with PRODUCT_STORE permission for a product can call that product's storeAnalysisStatistics Thrift-over-HTTP method. CodeChecker 6.29.0 decodes the attacker-controlled Base64 string and passes the complete compressed input to one-shot zlib.decompress(). No maximum decompressed size is enforced. This gives a…

CVSS 4.9 MEDIUMStatus: ReceivedCWE-409CWE-770
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-84155

CodeChecker's web server fails to fully invalidate a session token on logout when the server runs with more than one API worker process (the default). Each worker process maintains its own in-memory session cache; logout only clears the cache of the single worker that handles the…

CVSS 5.3 MEDIUMStatus: ReceivedCWE-613
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-66295

Saxy's XML encoder writes the target and the content of a processing instruction into the output document verbatim, without validation or escaping. The encoder builds the construct by concatenating both fields between , so neither field is checked against the constraints the XML specification places on…

CVSS 2.1 LOWStatus: ReceivedCWE-91
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-66294

XML injection in the Saxy XML encoder. Saxy.Encoder.cdata/1 serializes a {:cdata, characters} node by wrapping the supplied characters between and passing the payload through byte for byte. The encoder's character-data and attribute-value paths escape the XML metacharacters , &, ", and ', but the CDATA path…

CVSS 2.1 LOWStatus: ReceivedCWE-91
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-66293

XML injection in the encoder of Saxy. Saxy.Encoder does not neutralize the — sequence in XML comment content: escape_comment/2 returns the comment binary unchanged in every clause and only appends a space when the comment ends in a single -, so neither an interior — nor…

CVSS 2.1 LOWStatus: ReceivedCWE-91
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123337

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19656 users without update permission could change issue visibility

CVSS 3.1 LOWStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-862
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123336

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19728 the attachment size limit could be bypassed via AI assistant thread conversion

CVSS 3.1 LOWStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-770
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123335

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19562, 2026.1.14137, 2025.3.169041 missing authorization allowed attaching tags to any issue via the tag issues collection

CVSS 3.5 LOWStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-862
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123334

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19562 project admins of a related project could delete VCS integrations owned by another project

CVSS 3.8 LOWStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-863
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123333

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19562 sprint creation allowed moving issues from inaccessible projects between sprints

CVSS 3.8 LOWStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-863
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123332

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19562 missing authorization allowed Project Admin to manage VCS hosting server configurations

CVSS 4.7 MEDIUMStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-862
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123331

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19197 article editors could change visibility of restricted child articles

CVSS 5.4 MEDIUMStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-862
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123330

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19562 missing authorization allowed users with read-only access to change issue visibility settings

CVSS 5.4 MEDIUMStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-862
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123329

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19562 missing authorization in TeamCity integration allowed disclosure of other projects' actions

CVSS 5.4 MEDIUMStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-639
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123328

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19656 app permission bypass allowed privilege escalation via project tab

CVSS 6.4 MEDIUMStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-863
NVD CVE

CVE-2026-123327

In JetBrains YouTrack before 2026.2.19562 missing authorization in the saved query endpoint allowed disclosure of issue descriptions

CVSS 7.5 HIGHStatus: Awaiting AnalysisCWE-862
Source: Official NVD CVE API 2.0UTC window Nov 6, 2026 04:27–Nov 8, 2026 04:27API response: Site snapshot: Showing 24 of 1,057Source text normalized: network addresses and restricted context omittedRefresh interval: 2 hours